January 24, 2007
JANUARY 2007
The language of God: A scientist presents evidence for belief (Free Press, 2006; 304 pp) by Francis S. Collins MD, PhD, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In this well-written and accessible book, the former head of the Human Genome Project, a geneticist and an evangelical Christian, summarizes the steadily accumulating and overwhelming evidence supporting the evolution and common ancestry of life. The sequencing of the human and other genomes only further strengthens this conclusion. Many Christians already have, and many more need to, make peace with Darwin. A war between science and religion is neither necessary or inevitable. He describes the increasingly evident scientific weaknesses of the poltically-powerful "intelligent design" (ID) movement (the latest incarnation of creationism). He affirms his own conviction of a supernatural, transcendent Creator who made the universe, using the Big Bang billions of years ago and evolution by natural selection on an ancient earth to create living things, including intelligent beings to worship Him. Evolving DNA inheritance under natural selection is thus the living language of God to accomplish this. Clarifying that local increases in order are not thermodynamically forbidden (we might add, such as in open dissipative systems), Collins goes on to argue that even though no probable mechanism for the origin of life is known today, that may not be true tomorrow. Therefore even the origin of life is not the place for a thoughtful Christian to wager his or her faith. Indebted to CS Lewis for discussion of a universal "Moral Law", Collins unfortunately neglects research in sociobiology and evolutionary accounts of human ethics. He also tells of his own personal spiritual journey from a nonreligious background through a youthful atheism toward his current evangelical faith. He argues for a long tradition in Christian Biblical interpretation which recognizes that the creation accounts in the Hebrew Bible are metaphorical and not intended to be taken literally, but are rather poetic confessions of God's moral actions as Creator, which were adapted and re-told in different forms with varying details and modes of divine action. Finally, Collins spends time discussing bioethical issues and endorsing stem cell research as a Christian believer with a mature scientific perspective. An overall excellent read, Collins' case would have bolstered by including divine immanence, and not only transcendence, in his attempt to describe elegantly how God relates to the world – LFG.
The God Delusion (Houghton Mifflin, 2006; 416 pp) by Richard Dawkins FRS, Charles Simonyi Professor of the Public Understanding of Science, Oxford University. The pugnacious author, and innovator-synthesizer of The Selfish Gene (1976) and several other books on the explanatory power of evolution by natural selection, hardly needs much introduction. In The God Delusion, Dawkins lays out a "consciousness-raising," scientific and moral critique of traditional theism. Using Einstein's phrase, "a deeply religious non-believer," to classify himself with Benedict Spinoza, Albert Einstein, and Carl Sagan in possessing a heartfelt sense of awe at the unified, elegant grandeur of the universe, Dawkins goes on to add that 'religion' is a misleading word, because for most people it implies the traditional religious faiths with their undeniable good and objectionable features. Why, he asks, should religious claims be so culturally immune to critical analysis that even nonbelievers give them undue deference? The "God Hypothesis" of a superhuman, supernatural intelligence who deliberately designed and created the universe and everything in it, he argues, is testable in principle. Ripping through Aquinas' five 'proofs' and other more recent variations, he insists that such a hypothesis is susceptible to the "ultimate Boeing 747 argument": All creative, designing intelligences we know of are the result of long processes of gradual evolution, and so would come late rather than early in the history of the universe. Therefore such an improbable being, he insists, almost certainly does not exist. In tackling the ID movement, he rightly points out that biological adaptation is often confused for design, and that evolution by natural selection is the opposite of origin by chance – entailing numerous, selected departures from the randomness of mutation. Like many arguing the opposite case, he relies too heavily on the "anthropic principle" for explanation. Pascal's Wager is found wanting, since the shallow morals of enterprising wagerers are not likely to fool the wagered One, especially if the expected deity is other than the existing one. It is hard to disagree that a universal human moral sense (CS Lewis' "Moral Law") predates all of the conditioned historical religions, and may well be rooted in our biology, in genes favoring cooperation, the inclusive fitness of kinship, reciprocity and reputation – ideas that are increasingly grounded in predictive mathematical and even economic models. That the moral zeitgeist of ethical standards has dramatically shifted over the centuries and millenia is impossible to deny. Nor can there be much objection to seeing many religious ideas and practices (beneficial and harmful) as arbitrary units of culture evolving, i.e., memes and memeplexes. Of course, ultimate Being is not ruled out by Dawkins' arguments, though some conceptions of divine interaction with the world have been rendered more improbable by the advance of science over the centuries. Unfortunately, Dawkins fails to point out that many educated people find science (whether chemistry, astrophysics, or evolutionary biology) entirely compatible, not merely with nontheism, but with almost any reasonably-flexible religious worldview. It would have been better if more of the positive aspects of the religious experience had been discussed and savored to help explain why religion is so ubiquitously human. Finally, the occasional spilling over of passionate prose into intemperate bombast is no reason to dismiss this well-argued book. Thoughtful, articulate, and morally-indignant critics, even if unfair sometimes, are not enemies.
In a joint Time magazine (13 Nov 06) interview with Dawkins, Francis Collins summarizes, "I would just like to say that over more than a quarter-century as a scientist and a believer, I find absolutely nothing in conflict between agreeing with Richard in practically all his conclusions about the natural world, and also saying that I am still able to accept and embrace the possibility that there are answers that science isn't able to provide about the natural world… I find many of those answers in the spiritual realm" (emphasis added). In his conclusion, Dawkins countered, "My mind is not closed… [But the deities of historical religions] strike me as parochial. If there is a God, it's going to be a whole lot bigger and a whole lot more incomprehensible than anything that any theologian of any religion has ever proposed." What open-minded thinker in any religious tradition couldn't muster an "Amen" to that? – LFG.
More mini-reviews to follow in the weeks to come… including one of Understanding Genesis: Contemporary Adventist perspectives published by AToday. Some of our mini-reviews will be expanded into full reviews in future issues of Adventist Today journal.
"Doomsday Clock" Moves Two Minutes Closer To Midnight. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (17 January 2007). Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Adjusts Clock From 7 to 5 Minutes Before Midnight; “ Deteriorating” Global Situation Cited on Nuclear Weapons and New Factor: Climate Change. WASHINGTON, D.C. and LONDON, ENGLAND (January 17, 2007). The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (BAS) is moving the minute hand of the Doomsday Clock two minutes closer to midnight. It is now 5 minutes to midnight. Reflecting global failures to solve the problems posed by nuclear weapons and the climate crisis, the decision by the BAS Board of Directors was made in consultation with the Bulletin’s Board of Sponsors, which includes 18 Nobel Laureates.
[More of press release].
5 Minutes to Midnight. Board Statement, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (17 January 2007). "We stand at the brink of a second nuclear age. Not since the first atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki has the world faced such perilous choices. North Korea’s recent test of a nuclear weapon, Iran’s nuclear ambitions, a renewed U.S. emphasis on the military utility of nuclear weapons, the failure to adequately secure nuclear materials, and the continued presence of some 26,000 nuclear weapons in the United States and Russia are symptomatic of a larger failure to solve the problems posed by the most destructive technology on Earth. As in past deliberations, we have examined other human-made threats to civilization. We have concluded that the dangers posed by climate change are nearly as dire as those posed by nuclear weapons. The effects may be less dramatic in the short term than the destruction that could be wrought by nuclear explosions, but over the next three to four decades climate change could cause drastic harm to the habitats upon which human societies depend for survival." "This deteriorating state of global affairs leads the Board of Directors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistsâ€â€?in consultation with a Board of Sponsors that includes 18 Nobel laureates—to move the minute hand of the “Doomsday Clock” from seven to five minutes to midnight."
[More of the Board statement].
Martin Luther King, Jr. A long night's journey into day.
By Philip Yancey, in a tribute and personal spiritual odyssey from Soul Survivor: How My Faith Survived the Church (Doubleday, 2001) describes being raised in a southern racist environment in former years, and coming to terms with Dr. King's message as a fellow Christian. Excerpted in the Adventist Review: "The day I graduated from high school near Atlanta, I began a summer job digging ditches in order to save money for college. Our work crew consisted of four muscular black men and one skinny white kid-me. The white foreman dropped us off, parked his truck under a nearby shade tree, lit a cigarette, and began reading the sports pages. Although we started working just after sunrise, the air was already hot and muggy… I was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1949, five years before the Supreme Court ruled in favor of integrated schools, fifteen years before a civil rights law forced restaurants and motels to serve all races, and sixteen years before the U.S. Congress guaranteed minorities the right to vote. Gas stations in those days had three labeled rest rooms: White Women, White Men, and Colored. Department stores had two drinking fountains, White and Colored. Many museums had one day a week reserved for Coloreds; otherwise they were barred entrance" [More of the excerpt].
Rejecting Sanitized Celebrations of MLK.
By Adam Taylor, Beliefnet.com (January 16, 2007). "This weekend, our nation paused once again to remember the life of a modern-day prophet. In pulpits across the country, preachers offered sermons reflecting on Dr. Martin Luther King's seemingly timeless message. While Dr. King's words were quoted across the nation, I fear that the majority of Americans only heard a perfunctory mention of King's dream of racial harmony, with barely a mention of his even bolder words against what he called the 'giant triplets of racism, materialism, and militarism.'" [More of the piece].
The many faces of American Muslims. "Author Paul Barrett deftly upends the stereotypes that Westerners harbor about Muslims—and shows why militant Islamism is less likely to take root here than in other countries." By Laura Miller, Salon.com (Jan. 15, 2007). "American Islam: The Struggle for the Soul of a Religion, by Paul Barrett, is the ideal book to enlighten a whole host of people who don't realize they need it. That includes everyone who claims that moderate Muslims haven't spoken up against fundamentalist militants or that all Muslim women go around veiled or that the religion is inherently warlike. It also includes everyone whose only response to Islamist terrorism is to talk about the sins of Israel, those who claim that Islam doesn't have a growing problem with violent fanatics or the role of women, and those who insist that it is purely a religion of peace." [More of the story].
A Portrait of "Generation Next"
How Young People View Their Lives, Futures and Politics. Released: January 9, 2007
"A new generation has come of age, shaped by an unprecedented revolution in technology and dramatic events both at home and abroad. They are Generation Next, the cohort of young adults who have grown up with personal computers, cell phones and the internet and are now taking their place in a world where the only constant is rapid change."
[More of the report in summary; the complete report].
Five Streams of the Emerging Church Key elements of the most controversial and misunderstood movement in the church today.
By Scot McKnight, ChristianityToday.com (1/19/2007). "It is said that emerging Christians confess their faith like mainliners—meaning they say things publicly they don't really believe. They drink like Southern Baptists—meaning, to adapt some words from Mark Twain, they are teetotalers when it is judicious. They talk like Catholics—meaning they cuss and use naughty words. They evangelize and theologize like the Reformed—meaning they rarely evangelize, yet theologize all the time. They worship like charismatics—meaning with their whole bodies, some parts tattooed. They vote like Episcopalians—meaning they eat, drink, and sleep on their left side. And, they deny the truth—meaning they've got a latte-soaked copy of Derrida in their smoke- and beer-stained backpacks. Along with unfair stereotypes of other traditions, such are the urban legends surrounding the emerging church—one of the most controversial and misunderstood movements today. As a theologian, I have studied the movement and interacted with its key leaders for years—even more, I happily consider myself part of this movement or "conversation." As an evangelical, I've had my concerns, but overall I think what emerging Christians bring to the table is vital for the overall health of the church." [More of the article].
Restoring Nature, Restoring Yourself
by Francesca Lyman, YES! Magazine (the Spring 2003). "Given months to live and told to find a hobby, a disabled Vietnam veteran turned to restoring the polluted creek behind his house. The effort saved his life. For a man broken by war, John Beal found himself an unlikely place of refuge. Hamm Creek was an open sewer, plugged up with garbage. He was still recovering from bullet wounds and haunted by flashbacks. Besides suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, he had gone through three heart attacks, followed by a serious motorcycle accident. 'I went down to the stream behind my house and just cried, wondering how I'd care for my wife and four kids," says Beal. "Then the idea came to me: If you're going to check out, so to speak, try to leave this place better than it was when you found it. I looked at this wreck of a stream, filled with refrigerators, computers, old tires, torn garbage bags, broken swing sets, and stinking carpets, and all I wanted to do was clean it up.'… Since that day 23 years ago, Beal has directed all of his energies to cleaning up and restoring this polluted stream flowing out of Seattle's industrial south end. During the last ten years he has moved on to restoring the entire watershed of which it is a part… Beal has recruited hundreds of crews to clean up and replant around the streams and has now established a network of volunteer groups living in the area, as well as drawing the support and interest of the local Duwamish tribe" [Rest of the story].
A 2nd blow to the Roman Catholic Church in Poland
The Associated Press, The New York Times (January 8, 2007). "WARSAW: A second prominent Polish clergyman left his post Monday amid allegations he collaborated with secret services of the Communist era, a day after Warsaw's newly appointed archbishop resigned in a similar scandal that shocked the nation. The Reverend Janusz Bielanski resigned as rector, or head priest, of Krakow's prestigious Wawel Cathedral, burial place to Polish kings and queens, according to Robert Necek, a spokesman for the Krakow church. Bielanski submitted his resignation to Krakow's archbishop, Cardinal Stanislaw Dziwisz, "in connection with repeated allegations about his cooperation with the secret services" of the Communist era, Necek said." [More of the story].
Will the 21st Be the [Eastern] Orthodox Century?
Fascination with the Great Tradition may signal deep changes for both evangelicals and the Orthodox. By Bradley Nassif, Christianity Today (1/04/2007). [More of the story].
Atheists challenge the religious right. Growing religious influence in the US government has led some nontheists to take positions some describe as 'secular fundamentalism.' By Jane Lampman, The Christian Science Monitor (January 04, 2007). "For some time, the religious right has decried 'secular humanism,' a philosophy that rejects the supernatural or spiritual as a basis for moral decisionmaking. But now, nonbelievers are vigorously fighting back. Only a small percentage of Americans admit to being nontheists (between 2 and 9 percent, depending on the poll), but that equates to many millions. And religionists' role in debates over stem-cell research and evolution vs. intelligent design - as well as radical religion in world conflicts - have galvanized some atheists to mount a counteroffensive." [More of the story].
http://www.secular.org/index.html
Tidbit from Beliefnet.com: "Belief-O-Matic – A personality quiz about your religious and spiritual beliefs. Even if YOU don't know what faith you are, Belief-O-Matic™ knows. Answer 20 questions about your concept of God, the afterlife, human nature, and more, and Belief-O-Matic™ will tell you what religion (if any) you practice…or ought to consider practicing." You may wish that some more options were available at times or in a different combination, but you might well enjoy this exam. [Take the test for yourself]
Most Americans Say It’s a 'Christian Nation' Alas, the Founding Fathers wouldn’t agree.
By Steven Waldman, Beliefnet.com. "The Washington Post recently asked a group of writers and clergy to respond to this question: "Some politically conservative Christians say that America is 'a Christian nation,' and at this time of year, with the country saturated with Christmas imagery, it can seem that they are right. Are they? Is America a 'Christian nation'? Should it be?"
[More of the opinion piece].
25 U.S. Troops Killed in Iraq Saturday. By Bushra Juhi, NCTimes.com (21 January 2007). "BAGHDAD, Iraq - The U.S. military on Sunday reported six more American troops killed in fighting the day before, raising the toll to 25 in the deadliest day for U.S. forces in Iraq in two years"
[More of the story].
ADVENTIST PROGRESSIVES on the move
Faith House Manhattan, an inter-religious "experiment in the kingdom of God". "Learning to love well, God, myself, all people, and all of life… Samir Selmanovic, PhD, grew up in an intellectual urban atheist milieu in the capital of Croatia in a European Muslim family. In his youth, he was immersed in existentialist literature and has produced modern theater projects with system-subversive overtones such as the works of Bertolt Brecht and George Orwell’s Animal Farm. During an obligatory service in the communist army, his quest for counter-cultural ideas led him to join a Christian church through an underground network of believers. After he returned home from his army service, he was shunned by social circles, disowned by his family and expelled from his home for several years. He was able to work his way back into his family and social network through emotional, intellectual and spiritual struggle. Through these challenges he found strength in the depths and beauty of faith in God while learning to value the worldviews of the people who opposed it" [Check out this well-endorsed project].
The Spectrum blog is another step forward for Adventist progressives: "Upholding the tradition of the prophetic voice, the Spectrum Blog aims to increase the church's awareness that peace and justice is divine."
ProgressiveAdventism.com: "Re-imagining the Adventist Vision ~ Beyond Conservative and Liberal ~ Lifting Up the Family of Adventism" This website promotes a healthy and vigorous diversity withing the Adventist community, interviews figures of interest, and seeks to promote dialogue and understanding among those who share in the Adventist community.
ADVENTIST NEWS round up
Pioneer of faith: Escondido woman was first straight minister to gay flock.
By Gary Warth, NCTimes.com (January 18, 2007). "From the moment she stepped into the old church in Los Angeles, June Norris felt a calling. 'I walked in that building, and I just can't explain it," she said, relaxing in her small apartment in an Escondido senior complex. "I felt like I was on holy ground. I can still feel it. I can still feel that shock.' Norris also felt welcomed, which may be understandable. She had walked into the first Metropolitan Community Church, founded in 1968 as the first Christian church to welcome everybody, and specifically homosexuals. Norris was a straight, middle-aged mother of three who had never met an openly gay person until getting to know her nephew, who brought her to the church that day in 1971. But she also was an independent, open-minded and spiritual woman in search of a new life after leaving her husband and moving to a new state. " [More of the story].
ATODAYTOMORROW – Current contents
Exciting articles in the current issue of Adventist Today: Subscribe today!
January–February 2007 (Vol. 15; No. 1). The central focus of this issue is the science-religion discussion within the Adventist church.
CONTENTS
- Editorial: In "The Adventist Underground" John McLarty argues that the church has an 'underground' subset who question the official theology of origins. "The church needs the Underground to extend its ministry to people who may be too controversial for the church to publicly embrace, but who are too precious to ignore or turn away."
- 04 | Letters | AT Readers
- 07 | Response to Burrill (Adventist Today: Sept/Oct 2006, p. 12) | Robert T. Johnston
- 08 | The Truth About the Origin of Life | Lester N. Wright MD
- 10 | “Evolution Is a Lie! What Kind of Christian Are You?” | T. Joe Willey
- 11 | Did You Really Create the World In Six Days? | Wayne Collins
- 12 | A Geologist’s Journey from Naïve Certainty to Informed Faith | Gary A. Nowlan
- 16 | Where You and I Have Never Been | Alden Thompson
- 18 | Adventist Apathy Toward the Plight of the Unborn | Nic Samojluk
- 20 | The Appropriateness of the Adventist Position on Abortion | Jim Walters
- 22 | Hope for Hope Street: A Case Study in Community Engagement | Ron Graybill
- 24 | Adventist Pastors and 1844: An Adventist Today Survey | John Thomas McLarty
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"The People have Spoken, now Congress must listen! The people have spoken out through the 2006 mid-term election. By voting out pro-war candidates and changing control over Congress, we have repudiated war policies and issued a mandate for new policies that promote peace and international cooperation" Learn more and sign the petition asking the new Congress for action to end the nightmare of the Iraq War. Learn about the many pieces of legislation already introduced in the US House and Senate to stop the war, and much more.
"US Army Lieutenant Ehren Watada is the first commissioned officer to publicly refuse deployment to Iraq. For refusing to participate in an illegal and immoral war, Lt. Watada is facing 6 years in prison and a military court martial on Feb. 5, 2007 and a pre-trial hearing on Jan. 4, 2007." After applying for conscientious objector status, he was refused, offered to resign, was refused, and so publicly refused to deploy. Find out more and sign the petition supporting Lieutenant Watada.
Act now to protect Internet Neutrality. Nearly 1.4 million have signed including organizations across the entire spectrum. "This is about Internet freedom. 'Network Neutrality'—the First Amendment of the Internet—ensures that the public can view the smallest blog just as easily as the largest corporate Web site by preventing Internet companies like AT&T from rigging the playing field for only the highest-paying sites." "Network Neutrality—or 'Net Neutrality' for short—is the guiding principle that preserves the free and open Internet. Net Neutrality ensures that all users can access the content or run the applications and devices of their choice. With Net Neutrality, the network's only job is to move data—not choose which data to privilege with higher quality service. Net Neutrality prevents the companies that control the wires from discriminating against content based on its source or ownership." Learn more: Net Neutrality 101.
SECULAR VALUE – SCIENCE IN DIALOGUE WITH RELIGION
Creation or Evolution? Yes! Francis Collins issues a call to stand on the middle ground.
Interview by Stan Guthrie, ChristianityToday.com (1/16/2007). "Francis S. Collins, head of the Human Genome Project, reconciles his Christian faith with scientific theory, including evolution, in The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief (Free Press, 2006). Stan Guthrie, CT's senior associate editor, interviewed Collins. 'How does evolution fit with your Christian faith?'…" [Read the interview].
Skull supports out-of-Africa theory of modern man
By John Noble Wilford, International Herald Tribune (January 11, 2007). "NEW YORK: From a new analysis of a human skull discovered in South Africa more than 50 years ago, scientists say they have obtained the first fossil evidence establishing the relatively recent time for the dispersal of modern Homo sapiens out of Africa. The migrants appeared to have arrived at their new homes in Asia and Europe with the distinct and unmodified heads of Africans. An international team of researchers reported Thursday that the age of the South African skull, which they dated at about 36,000 years old, coincided with the age of and closely resembled the skulls of humans who were then living in Europe and the far eastern parts of Asia, even Australia" [More of the story]. The "out-of-Africa" theory postulates that modern Homo sapiens emerged from Africa within the last ~100,000 years and spread over the globe, largely replacing earlier populations of the genus Homo. This model is largely supported by genetic data including protein allele frequences, various nuclear markers, maternal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, and paternal Y chromosome DNA markers, and is essentially consistent with the current human paleontological and archaeological data. The dating of the Hofmeyr cranium to ~36,000 years old is consistent with this scenario – LFG.
Seeing the light – of science.
"Ronald Numbers – a former Seventh-day Adventist and author of the definitive history of creationism [The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design, Expanded Edition (Paperback, 2006; 624 pp), Harvard University Press]– discusses his break with the church, whether creationists are less intelligent and why Galileo wasn't really a martyr." An interview by Steve Paulson, Salon.com (Jan. 2, 2007). "Despite massive scientific corroboration for evolution, roughly half of all Americans believe that God created humans within the past 10,000 years. Many others believe the 'irreducible complexity' argument of the intelligent design movement – a position that, while somewhat more flexible, still rankles most scientists… How do we explain the stubborn resistance to Darwinism? University of Wisconsin historian Ronald Numbers is in a unique position to offer some answers. His 1992 book The Creationists, which Harvard University Press has just reissued in an expanded edition, is probably the most definitive history of anti-evolutionism. Numbers is an eminent figure in the history of science and religion – a past president of both the History of Science Society and the American Society of Church History. But what's most refreshing about Numbers is the remarkable personal history he brings to this subject. He grew up in a family of Seventh-day Adventists and, until graduate school, was a dyed-in-the-wool creationist. When he lost his religious faith, he wrote a book questioning the foundations of Adventism, which created a huge rift in his family. Perhaps because of his background, Numbers is one of the few scholars in the battle over evolution who remain widely respected by both evolutionists and creationists. In fact, he was once recruited by both sides to serve as an expert witness in a Louisiana trial on evolution. (He went with the ACLU.)" [More of the intro and the interview].
AWESTRUCK
A Canadian sky-watcher captured a single Leonid shower meteor as Venus is rising before dawn. The northern woods, the snow, the stars, and the rising morning star formed a stage for a momentary and glowing end of a tiny bit of 'stardust' after billions of years! Wow! Every such event is unique, only one in the history of the Cosmos, dimly reminiscent of the beauty and the wonder of a new living being, a one-of-a-kind encounter of genetic halves to make a new whole, out of billions of possibilities – LFG.
Image by Warren Justice, Canada (11-19-02). Warren's "Comments: As Venus is rising to the left I catch a Leonid in the farrr right of the frame."
Articles
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